17a-Estradiol Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on SK-N-SH Cells

Estradiol (E2) has been shown to exert organizational, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective effects in the CNS. The present study assessed the specificity of the neuroprotective effects of estradiol for the potent 17b-isomer. SK-N-SH cells from a human neuroblastoma cell line, which we have shown to be estrogen-responsive, were cultured at low or high plating density. Then cells were exposed to 17b-E2 (0.2 or 2 nM), 17a-E2 (0.2 or 2 nM), or cholesterol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, or corticosterone (all at 2 nM). Cultures were insulted by serum deprivation, which caused a profound loss of cells. At 1 or 2 d of serum deprivation and steroid hormone replacement, the protection afforded cells by the steroid addition was assessed. Serum deprivation killed ;90% of cells cultured at both low and high plating density. Both 17aand 17b-E2 provided protection of SK-N-SH cells at either plating density. Further, a 10-fold molar excess of tamoxifen antagonized only approximately one-third of the neuroprotective effects of either isomer of estradiol, and a 100-fold excess of tamoxifen had no additional effect on the neuroprotection by 17b-E2. By contrast, none of the other steroids tested protected cells from the insult of serum deprivation. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of estrogens are not attributable to the general steroid structure, and the majority of the neuroprotection may not be mediated via a tamoxifenantagonized receptor mechanism.